Testicular Cancer Orchiectomy

Orchiectomy refers to the removal of one or both testicles. The male sex organs which are responsible for the production of sperms and male hormone, testosterone are known as testicles. One of the most common treatments for testicular cancer is Orchiectomy.

Orchiectomy is also used for the treatment of other cancer conditions such as prostate cancer which has spread to the testes or on account of severe trauma to one or both testes. However, in some cases, orchiectomy is followed by an additional surgery for the removal of cancer which has spread or by adjuvant therapies like chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Orchiectomy is for all time performed when testicular cancer is detected, as the testicular lumps are cancerous and therefore must be removed according to a definite treatment plan. Performing a biopsy must be avoided as it may cause the cancer cells to spread which may add problems in a successful treatment.

Orchiectomy can of varied types namely:
• Unilateral Orchiectomy: Where only one testicle is removed, either the right or the left
• Where both the testicles are removed : Bilateral Orchiectomy or Radical Orchiectomy
• Inguinal Orchiectomy where the operation is performed through an incision in the groin
• Scrotal Orchiectomy where the operation is performed by making an incision through the scrotum

Bilateral orchiectomy is infrequently done as it poses various side effects, which are related to the loss of testosterone after the removal of both testes. Some of the side effects may include

• Infertility
• Loss of sexual interest
• Erection problems
• Hot flashes
• Breast enlargement (gynecomastia)
• Weight gain
• Loss of muscle mass
• Osteoporosis

The Orchiectomy procedure is simple and relatively low-risk. It is usually finished in less than an hour. This involves, a small gap is made in the lower abdomen just below the belt line, and then the testicle is pushed up from the scrotum through the incision and removed. However, the surgery is accompanied with the following risks, such as:

• Reactions to anaesthesia or medications
• Infection
• Bleeding

Orchiectomy also helps in relieving bone pain and may cause the prostate cancer to shrink. Full recovery after the surgery can be resumed within 2 to 4 weeks of full recovery.


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